The impact of moderately absorbing aerosol on surface sensible, latent, and net radiative fluxes during the summer of 2015 in Central Europe

The impact of moderately absorbing aerosols on the energy budget over Central Europe is discussed, based experimental observations and numerical simulations obtained for summer 2015. Aerosol events, defined as aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 500 nm greater than 0.15, especially in August, are mostly attributed to transport biomass burning (BB) from Eastern Europe. Shortwave (SW) radiative forcings (ARF) surface top atmosphere (TOA) estimated ensembles ten eight observational model-based approaches, respectively. Different measuring methods, including unmanned aviation system (UAS) ground-based measurements, transfer models, MOTRAN Fu-Liou, parameterisations properties regarding full vertical profiles, columnar properties, used these approaches. mean ARF −15.9 ± 2.1 W/m2, -9.1 1.4 7.0 1.0 respectively, Earth's surface, TOA, under clear conditions June–August During an event with AOD peak about 0.6 nm, daily around −30, −18, 13 differences between all methods 4.0 W/m2 2.3 which correspond 23% ensemble means. Aerosols also shown have a significant observed sensible latent heat fluxes study period. Flux sensitivity solar zenith angle 45° −70 41 W/m2/τ500, -112 56 -119 19 sensible, latent, net SW longwave (LW) radiation flux. When averaged day time, sensitivities heat, fluxes, reduced by 50%, 20%, 70%,